Structural steel is a cornerstone of the UK construction industry. It supports everything from office blocks and bridges to retail parks and logistics centres. Famed for its strength, flexibility, and reliability, it is the backbone of many structures where quality and safety matter.
Structural steel is a cornerstone of the UK construction industry. It supports everything from office blocks and bridges to retail parks and logistics centres. Famed for its strength, flexibility, and reliability, it is the backbone of many structures where quality and safety matter.
But not all steel is created equal. Each type offers different performance characteristics, from load-bearing capacity to corrosion resistance. Choosing wisely from the start can prevent costly delays, compliance issues, and structural problems. This guide covers the primary types of structural steel used in the United Kingdom. It explains their applications and how they meet important British Standards, such as BS EN 10025 and BS 4-1.
Universal Sections: Beams, Columns & Channels
Universal sections are fundamental to most steel-framed buildings. Made through hot-rolling, they offer uniform shapes that can withstand both vertical and horizontal loads.
Key Types Include:
- Universal Beams (UBs): I-shaped, ideal for horizontal spans, such as floors and ceilings.
- Universal Columns (UCs): Nearly square, perfect for vertical loads.
- Parallel Flange Channels (PFCs): C-shaped, used in secondary supports and perimeter frames.
These sections follow BS 4-1:2005. This standard establishes the size and performance requirements for commercial buildings. Universal steel sections are commonly used in steel-framed buildings. They are also found in mezzanines, columns, and lintels over doors and windows.
Hollow Structural Sections (HSS)
Hollow sections are in high demand in commercial construction. They combine a high strength-to-weight ratio with a stylish, contemporary appearance. They are offered in three shapes: rectangular (RHS), square (SHS), and circular (CHS). These options are great for exposed structures and lightweight frames.
They may not connect as easily as open sections. Still, they provide strong torsional resistance and a steady appearance.
Common Applications:
- Architectural steelwork (e.g. balconies, staircases)
- Bracing in warehouses or portal frames
- Lightweight roof or canopy structures
Produced to BS EN 10210 (hot-finished) or BS EN 10219 (cold-formed), they follow Eurocode design standards for structural steel in the UK.
For more information on this, check out our blog: What Are the UK Structural Steel Standards in 2025?
Rolled Steel Angles (RSA)
Rolled Steel Angles — or L-sections — are typically used to reinforce corners or connect steel at right angles. Available with equal or unequal legs, they’re easy to weld or bolt and offer good strength under compression.
Common Uses Include:
- Stair stringers and landing frames
- Wind bracing in portal structures
- Cladding supports or edge frames
These sections are governed by BS EN 10056. This standard guarantees dependable performance in structural use for commercial and industrial buildings.
Flat Steel & Plate
Flat steel sections, such as bars and plates, are helpful for custom support. They are also great for connecting structural elements when standard shapes are not suitable. They’re highly adaptable and typically welded or bolted into place on site.
Common Applications Include:
- Cleats, stiffeners, and gusset plates
- Base plates and structural brackets
- Reinforcements for bespoke gantries and frames
Flat steel is often cut to fit for structural use. It is commonly found in complex steel fabrications in commercial and industrial projects.
Weathering Steel (COR-TEN)
Weathering steel is a corrosion-resistant alloy that forms a self-sealing layer of surface rust. This patina protects the steel underneath, reducing the need for painting or surface treatments over time.
It’s not as common in homes. However, it’s often used in architectural or infrastructure projects because of its durability and visual appeal.
Typical Uses Include:
- Railway bridges and gantries
- External cladding and feature walls
- Sculptural or signage elements
According to National Highways’ Design Manual for Roads and Bridges, weathering steel is permitted in select highway structures where salt exposure is controlled.
Cold-Formed Steel (CFS)
Cold-formed steel (CFS) is shaped without heat, resulting in light and accurate structural pieces. These are perfect for fast assembly. CFS is not ideal for heavy-load-bearing frames, but it is commonly used in modular, panelised, and off-site builds.
It Is Valued For:
- Lightweight transport and fast installation
- Dimensional accuracy with minimal onsite waste
- Compatibility with dry construction methods
CFS is produced in accordance with BS EN 1993-1-3 (Eurocode 3). So, it is suitable for light steel framing systems in UK commercial and industrial projects.
Stainless Steel
Stainless steel is great for resisting corrosion and offers hygiene benefits. This makes it ideal for areas that require frequent cleaning or are frequently wet. Though costlier than carbon steel, its durability and low maintenance make it a strong long-term investment.
Typical Uses Include:
- Handrails, balustrades, and lift cladding
- Exterior façades and decorative detailing
- Clean zones in food, healthcare, and pharma
Manufactured to BS EN 10088, stainless structural steel meets the strict standards of both the UK and EU. It ensures strength, composition, and resistance, helping projects stay compliant and visually appealing.
Structural Steel Grades in the UK
Most UK structural steel follows BS EN 10025, particularly grades S275 and S355:
- S275 is a versatile choice for smaller frames and short spans in low-load applications.
- S355 offers greater strength, making it ideal for beams, large frames, and infrastructure.
Choosing the right grade ensures structural safety, avoids over-engineering, and keeps costs manageable. For hollow sections, use BS EN 10210 (hot-formed) or BS EN 10219 (cold-formed), depending on your design.
The grade you select has a big impact on build performance, regulatory compliance, and material efficiency. These factors are vital for any commercial or industrial construction project in the UK.
Get the Steel Right, & the Rest Follows
The right structural steel doesn’t just support your build; it helps drive success.
Picking the right steel is more than just strength. It also reduces delays, ensures compliance, and enhances long-term performance. Each material, from universal beams to corrosion-resistant grades, serves a distinct function in both commercial and industrial construction. Head to our blog Common Applications of Structural Steel In Construction for more information on the subject.
Using UK-compliant materials, like BS EN 10025 or BS EN 10210, early in your design can speed up sign-off. It also helps with Building Regulations compliance. (GOV.UK source). From logistics centres to bespoke steel frames, clarity on material types enables you to build smarter, faster, and safer.
Need expert help specifying structural steel? Call 01202 622252 or contact with our team for UK-compliant steels, cut to size and ready to install.
